. EFFECTS OF BALL SPEED
It is well known that the coefficient of restitution decreases, the impulsive force increases, and the ball contact time decreases as the ball speed increases. The Hertz model2,9 for colliding solid spheres indicates that F0 }(v1)1.2 and t }(v1)20.2, where F0 is the force amplitude and t is the duration of the impact. These relations were checked for the superball and the tennis ball, colliding with the 50 mm piezo disk/brass rod structure, for incident ball speeds in the range 1 – 8 ms21 . For the superball, it was found that F0}v1 n and t }v1 m , where n51.1560.05 and m 520.2260.01. For the tennis ball, it was found that n 51.1060.05 and m520.0760.01. The superball therefore behaves in a manner that is close to Hertzian, but the tennis ball behaved more like a simple spring where F0}v1 and t is independent of v1 . The force law for a golf ball has been measured by Jones,9 who found that a golf ball is close to Hertzian over a wide range of ball speeds up to 80 ms21 . The static force law for a superball was checked by plotting the static compression curve in Fig. 5~b! on a log–log graph, as shown in Fig. 8, indicating that F}x1.32. The fact that the dynamic compression phase of the golf and superballs is almost linear is therefore surprising. The dynamic ball compression, x, was not measured in this experiment. The dynamic results imply that y is approximately proportional to x3/2 for the compression of a golf or superball. Such a result might be obtained, for example, if the ball compresses symmetrically for small x, so that y;x/2, and asymmetrically for large x, with y;x. Energy dissipation during the compression phase might also help to linearize the F vs y relation.
. ผลของความเร็วของลูกบอล It is well known that the coefficient of restitution decreases, the impulsive force increases, and the ball contact time decreases as the ball speed increases. The Hertz model2,9 for colliding solid spheres indicates that F0 }(v1)1.2 and t }(v1)20.2, where F0 is the force amplitude and t is the duration of the impact. These relations were checked for the superball and the tennis ball, colliding with the 50 mm piezo disk/brass rod structure, for incident ball speeds in the range 1 – 8 ms21 . For the superball, it was found that F0}v1 n and t }v1 m , where n51.1560.05 and m 520.2260.01. For the tennis ball, it was found that n 51.1060.05 and m520.0760.01. The superball therefore behaves in a manner that is close to Hertzian, but the tennis ball behaved more like a simple spring where F0}v1 and t is independent of v1 . The force law for a golf ball has been measured by Jones,9 who found that a golf ball is close to Hertzian over a wide range of ball speeds up to 80 ms21 . The static force law for a superball was checked by plotting the static compression curve in Fig. 5~b! on a log–log graph, as shown in Fig. 8, indicating that F}x1.32. The fact that the dynamic compression phase of the golf and superballs is almost linear is therefore surprising. The dynamic ball compression, x, was not measured in this experiment. The dynamic results imply that y is approximately proportional to x3/2 for the compression of a golf or superball. Such a result might be obtained, for example, if the ball compresses symmetrically for small x, so that y;x/2, and asymmetrically for large x, with y;x. Energy dissipation during the compression phase might also help to linearize the F vs y relation.
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