AIM: To determine caries prevalence, severity, and pattern in preschool children of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 789 randomly selected preschool children, 379 (48%) male and 410 (52%) female, with mean age of 4.7 (SD 0.5) years were examined for dental caries using World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria.RESULTS: The overall caries prevalence among the sample was 74.8%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled (dmft) score was 6.1 (SD 3.9) with a decay component of 4.66, a missing component of 0.54, and a filled component of 0.92. There was no significant difference (p>.05) in caries prevalence and severity in relation to gender of the children. However, the caries prevalence and severity were significantly higher (p<.05) among children from government preschools as compared to those from private preschools. Among the posterior teeth, mandibular second molars (54.3%), and among anterior teeth, maxillary central incisors (27.9%) had the highest caries prevalence. Among the molars, caries prevalence was generally high in lower molars while among the anterior teeth, upper teeth generally had a higher caries prevalence. The majority of the children (50.3%) had both posterior and anterior tooth caries, 42.2% had posterior tooth caries only, while very few (7.5%) children had only anterior tooth caries.CONCLUSION: Caries prevalence and severity are very high in the study population, and most children have posterior tooth caries.ความสำคัญทางคลินิก: มาตรการก่อนเช่น fissure sealants ฟลูออไรด์เฉพาะโปรแกรมประยุกต์ (ก่อนที่เป็นไปได้อย่างปลอดภัย), และอาหารสำหรับผู้ฟลูออไรด์ผลิตภัณฑ์เสริมอาหาร (ในตำแหน่งที่ระบุ) มีความจำเป็นเพื่อป้องกันการผุของ molars ผลัดใบในประชากรสูงผุ
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