Data are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range [IQR]).
CSE = combined spinal-epidural; CI = confidence interval.
a Missing data.
b Missing data, which included patients who never achieved a second stage of labor. The mean duration of second stage includes data from women who had
cesarean delivery in second stage (time from cervical dilation = 10 cm until decision to perform cesarean delivery).
Data were compared with a 2-sample t test using unequal variances (Welch’s method) and categorical data were compared using χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests