‘remembering what you have to say’ (rated 2nd), ‘reading back’ (rated 4th) and ‘saying what you have to say’ (rated 5th). Pilots rated ‘communicating with Air Traffic Control (ATC)’ as the third most difficult. According to Estival and Molesworth, pilot-to-pilot communication is particularly challenging because of the background noise present for both the transmitter and the receiver.