Treatment success was defined as either cure or treatment completed. Cure was defined as a patient whose sputum smear or culture was positive at the beginning of the treatment but smear- or culture-negative in the last month of treatment and on at least one prior occasion. Treatment completed did not need to meet the criteria for cure or failure. Failure was defined as sputum smear-positive at 5 months or later during treatment. Death was defined as a patient who died for any reason during the course of treatment (the cause of death during TB treatment was not recorded).