Due to the threats caused by contamination of food with microorganisms, there is growth in industrial interest in antimicrobial packaging, which plays a crucial role in extending shelf lifetime of food. Over the last years, different strategies in manufacturing of packaging materials with high antibacterial efficiency have been explored for food preservation and storage. Recent developments in nanosciences and nanotechnologies are offering new prospects for the development of novel packaging materials. Composite materials, containing certain nanoparticles which act as safe and effective antimicrobial agents, have been proposed as promising candidates for packaging. The use of inorganic nanomaterials, such as silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles, and organic nanomaterials, such as chitosan and antimicrobial peptides, has been explored. This chapter presents a critical overview on recent progress in the use of nanomaterials in food packaging and manufacturing of a new class of antimicrobic composites.