The survey instrument was administered through the Korean Logistics and Distribution Association. A number of SC managers were also contacted by mail. The survey was conducted on Qualtrics, a web-based survey system. In total, a hypertext
link of questionnaires was sent to 331 SC and logistics managers of South Korean firms by e-mail. We received 157 responses, a response rate of about 47 percent, but 29 of them were incomplete and were deleted. Thus, the final sample size was 128. The sample characteristics are given in Table I