Four “megatrends” signal a fundamental change in the global economy, and suggest that STEM skills will become increasingly important to Canada’s future productivity growth (CCA, 2013c). First, like many countries, Canada’s population is aging, leading to slower growth in the labour force, which makes increasing productivity all the more urgent to maintain living standards. Second, slower labour force and demand growth in the United States, combined with more rapid growth of a skilled labour force and demand in many emerging market economies, presents new challenges for Canadian firms, governments, and labour. Third, technological innovation and STEM skills can help mitigate and address environmental concerns arising from increased global exploitation of resources, especially energy. Finally, the rate of adoption of new technology seems to be accelerating, leading to revolutions in fields such as information and communication technologies (ICT), genomics, and nanotechnology. Although the exact implications of these revolutions are impossible to predict, to remain competitive Canadian firms across all sectors will need to be able to both innovate and adapt. STEM literacy will also provide more options for Canadians of all walks of life in a world of increasing technological change.