The students in the classes taught by Just-in-Time Teaching are required to not only read the text before class, but they must also think critically about the text and write about the reading in their own words. It could be that this substantive and reflective writing along with the in-class discussions allow the students to move beyond memorizing that “for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction” to truly understanding the meaning of these words. Question no. 11 involves two students sitting in office chairs and the larger student pushes with his feet on the smaller student’s knees