The isolation of human digestive enzyme resistant carbo- hydrates was adapted from McCleary & Monaghan, 2002. Approximately 1.0 g of the pre-treated material was made wet using 2 mL of 80% ethanol. Volume of 30.0 mL thermo- stable α-amylase (3000 U mL 1) and 90.0 ml Na-acetate buffer (100 mM, pH 4.5) were added and the mixture was incubated in a water bath at 95 1C for 6 min with continuous stirring on a magnetic stirrer (Henry Troemnor LLC, Thorofare, NJ). The samples were then placed in a 50 1C water bath after which 1 mL of amyloglucosidase (AMG) (350 U mL 1) was added and the mixture was incubated at 50 1C for 30 min at 300 rpm on a mini vortex incubator (VWR international LLC, Radnor, PA). The solution was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min at room temperature. The supernatant was removed and the residue was air dried for 24 h.