oducts or services by the business.
Disconfirmation is defined as the difference between the customer’s initial expectation and observed actual
performance [8]. According to literature, disconfirmation is divided to three types including; positive disconfirmation,
negative disconfirmation and simple disconfirmation.
When actual performance of a specific product or service cannot meet the customer’s expectation, negative
disconfirmation will occur and leads to customer’s dissatisfaction. Positive disconfirmation leads to the customer’s
satisfaction, if perceived performance of a specific product or service is able to exceed customer’s satisfaction. Finally,
when there isn’t any difference between customer’s expectation and actual performance of specific product or service,
means perceived performance equals to expectation, thus simple confirmation is occurred [5,12]. There is some argument
and disagreement in the literature over definition of simple confirmation. While some researchers believe satisfaction is the
result of simple confirmation [30], others suggested that state of neither satisfaction nor dissatisfaction lead to simple
satisfaction [31]