Carbon capture is currently one of the most important research hotspots globally and this is due to the enormous contributions of carbon dioxide emissions to ecological deterioration of the environment. A biotic methods for carbon fixation, such as direct injection of CO2 or carbonates into the deep ocean, geological strata, old coal mines, oil wells or saline aquifers, as well as mineral carbonation of CO2, present significant challenges of the stability, high space requirements and potential leakage.