To restrain firms from taking advantage of the fortuitous essentiality of their patents, an essentiality that resulted only from being included in a standard and not from technological merit, standard setting bodies commonly require firms to commit in advance to license their patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms. The problem with this approach is that FRAND commitments are very ambiguous: What exactly is a fair and reasonable rate? And in fact, large lawsuits regarding the meaning of the commitment proliferate all over the world.