Conversely, studies by people such as Bellingham (1993) and Ferguson & White (1993) have shown that there is a positive connection, albeit sometimes weak, between IELTS and students’ grade point average (GPA). A small-scale survey about self-evaluation (Bayliss, 2006: 4) carried out in Australia questions whether or not we actually need testing, as the candidates appeared to have very accurate perceptions of their own language skills.