2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
SMR L grade natural rubber, purchased from Zarm Scientific
& Supplies (M) Sdn. Bhd., was used as the matrix.
The oil palm ash (OPA) filler was collected from United Oil
Palm Mill, Penang, Malaysia. Prior to modification, raw OPA
particles were sieved to a 75 mm mesh size and dried in a
vacuum oven at 80 C for 24 hours to expel moisture. Other
curing ingredients, including zinc oxide, stearic acid, Nisopropyl-
N0-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD), N-cyclohexyl-
2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS) and sulphur,
were provided by Bayer (M) Ltd. and used as received.
2. Experimental2.1. MaterialsSMR L grade natural rubber, purchased from Zarm Scientific& Supplies (M) Sdn. Bhd., was used as the matrix.The oil palm ash (OPA) filler was collected from United OilPalm Mill, Penang, Malaysia. Prior to modification, raw OPAparticles were sieved to a 75 mm mesh size and dried in avacuum oven at 80 C for 24 hours to expel moisture. Othercuring ingredients, including zinc oxide, stearic acid, Nisopropyl-N0-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS) and sulphur,were provided by Bayer (M) Ltd. and used as received.
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