Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas is currently used in many
countries to disinfect spices potentially contaminated
with pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella. This
fumigation is particularly important in the sterilisation
of some spices that may not undergo further cooking
before being consumed.
Ethylene oxide is known to induce tumours in
laboratory animals by both oral and inhalation routes,
and to form adducts to proteins and DNA in humans
and animals (IARC, 1994). Although toxicokinetic
studies on the oral uptake of ETO have not been
reported, aqueous solutions of ETO penetrate humanskin and ETO distributes uniformly throughout the
body of laboratory mammals on inhalation (IARC,
1994). The status of ETO was upgraded by the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) from
Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) to Group 1
(carcinogenic in humans) in 1994 due to increasing epidemiological
and occupational evidence through studies
showing that ETO was capable of causing tumours in
both laboratory animals and humans through common
direct genotoxic mechanisms (IARC, 1994).
Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas is currently used in manycountries to disinfect spices potentially contaminatedwith pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella. Thisfumigation is particularly important in the sterilisationof some spices that may not undergo further cookingbefore being consumed.Ethylene oxide is known to induce tumours inlaboratory animals by both oral and inhalation routes,and to form adducts to proteins and DNA in humansand animals (IARC, 1994). Although toxicokineticstudies on the oral uptake of ETO have not beenreported, aqueous solutions of ETO penetrate humanskin and ETO distributes uniformly throughout thebody of laboratory mammals on inhalation (IARC,1994). The status of ETO was upgraded by the InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer (IARC) fromGroup 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) to Group 1(carcinogenic in humans) in 1994 due to increasing epidemiologicaland occupational evidence through studiesshowing that ETO was capable of causing tumours inboth laboratory animals and humans through commondirect genotoxic mechanisms (IARC, 1994).
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