They recommend, first, a general review of all information, often in the form of jotting down notes in the mar s of text(e.g., observa tional fieldnotes, interview transcriptions, notes about photographs or videotapes). I personally favor reading through all collected information to obtain a sense of the overall data, a procedure also advocated by Tesch(1990). In addition, writing findings in the form of memos and reflective notes is an initial sorting-out process. One also might begin to write summaries of field notes. At this point, the researcher might obtain feedback on the initial summaries by taking information back to informants, a procedure to be discussed later as a key verification step in research as well as an analysis step. Also at this point, a researcher looks closely at thewerd6 used by participants in the study, such as the metaphors they use, or the researcher translates participants' ideas into metaphors. The pro- cess of reducing the data begins. It is followed by creating displays of information such as diagrams, tables, or graphs-means for visualizing the information and representing it by case, by subject, or by theme