A population of F. occidentalis was reared on the susceptible
chrysanthemum cultivar Spoetnik® (Fides, De Lier,
The Netherlands) in a growth chamber at 25 °C, L16:D8,
and 70% r.h. For experiments, female adults of F. occidentalis
were randomly collected using an aspirator. They
were anaesthetized with carbon dioxide (CO2) and then
placed in a Perspex ring cage without any food source
except water (Murai & Loomans, 2001) for 24 h before
being used.