String - you can enter in any text you want. The place where you enter in the text is known as a field.
List - you choose which option you want from a drop-down list (doesn't include true/false).
Boolean - often abbreviated as "bool" and denoted by a lower-case 'B' in front of the variable name, refers to true/false options.
Byte - An integer value between 0 and 255
Floating Point - Commonly "float," an integer value between -65535 and 65535
Vector - Same as a Floating Point except mappers can specify X, Y, and Z scalars
Array - for this single property, there is more than one accessible variable of the same type (the type can be any of the above).
Dynamic Array - just like an Array, except that you can add more items to it.