• Char: the solid product arising from thermal decomposition of any natural or synthetic
organic material. Examples are char from forest fire and soot resulting from the
incomplete combustion of fossil hydrocarbon.
• Charcoal: produced from the thermal decomposition of wood and related organic
materials, mainly for use as an urban fuel for heating and cooking, but also traditional
uses as soil amendment or control of odour . Temperatures in
traditional kilns approach 450-500°C, which is similar to that of industrial pyrolysis but
with lower yields: conversion of feedstock dry mass may be as low as 10 % compared to
35% using more formal production technology. Also, all heat as well as gaseous and
liquid co-products are lost during the combustion process.
• Activated carbon: manufactured by heating carbonaceous material at a high temperature
(above 500°C) and over long (>10 hours) periods of time. The resulting material is
characterised by a very high adsorptive capacity. It is not used as a soil amendment but
has been applied for cleansing processes, such as water filtration and adsorption of gas,
liquid or solid contaminants .
• Black carbon: a general term that encompasses diverse and ubiquitous forms of
refractory organic matter that originate from incomplete combustion . The diversity of burning conditions results in black carbon occupying a continuum
of material. The review by Schmidt (1999) provides a thorough account of the ‘black
carbon’ continuum, its constituents and definitions.
• Char: the solid product arising from thermal decomposition of any natural or synthetic
organic material. Examples are char from forest fire and soot resulting from the
incomplete combustion of fossil hydrocarbon.
• Charcoal: produced from the thermal decomposition of wood and related organic
materials, mainly for use as an urban fuel for heating and cooking, but also traditional
uses as soil amendment or control of odour . Temperatures in
traditional kilns approach 450-500°C, which is similar to that of industrial pyrolysis but
with lower yields: conversion of feedstock dry mass may be as low as 10 % compared to
35% using more formal production technology. Also, all heat as well as gaseous and
liquid co-products are lost during the combustion process.
• Activated carbon: manufactured by heating carbonaceous material at a high temperature
(above 500°C) and over long (>10 hours) periods of time. The resulting material is
characterised by a very high adsorptive capacity. It is not used as a soil amendment but
has been applied for cleansing processes, such as water filtration and adsorption of gas,
liquid or solid contaminants .
• Black carbon: a general term that encompasses diverse and ubiquitous forms of
refractory organic matter that originate from incomplete combustion . The diversity of burning conditions results in black carbon occupying a continuum
of material. The review by Schmidt (1999) provides a thorough account of the ‘black
carbon’ continuum, its constituents and definitions.
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