4.1.5. Adsorbents from peels of different agricultural waste
Peel, also known as skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable, currently gaining wide attention as adsorbent in water treatment. Peels of different fruits such as, orange, banana, watermelon, cassava, mango, etc. have been used as adsorbents for the removal of different pollutants from water. Orange peel was examined for Ni(II) removal from electroplating wastewater [164]. The extent of Ni(II) removal was found to be dependent on sorbent dose, initial metal concentration, pH and temperature. The process was endothermic showing monolayer adsorption of Ni(II), with a maximum adsorption of 96% at 50 °C for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L at pH 6. The preparation of chemically modified orange peel adsorbents and their sorption behavior for Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have also been studied [165]. Effects of different chemical modifications on the adsorbent properties including different alkalis saponification (NaOH, NH4OH, and Ca(OH)2) and acids (C6H6O7·H2O, H2C2O4, and H3PO4) modification after saponification with NaOH were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of chemically modified orange peel by different treatments were in the range of 1.13–1.28 mol/kg for the studied metal ions.
4.1.5. Adsorbents from peels of different agricultural wastePeel, also known as skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable, currently gaining wide attention as adsorbent in water treatment. Peels of different fruits such as, orange, banana, watermelon, cassava, mango, etc. have been used as adsorbents for the removal of different pollutants from water. Orange peel was examined for Ni(II) removal from electroplating wastewater [164]. The extent of Ni(II) removal was found to be dependent on sorbent dose, initial metal concentration, pH and temperature. The process was endothermic showing monolayer adsorption of Ni(II), with a maximum adsorption of 96% at 50 °C for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L at pH 6. The preparation of chemically modified orange peel adsorbents and their sorption behavior for Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have also been studied [165]. Effects of different chemical modifications on the adsorbent properties including different alkalis saponification (NaOH, NH4OH, and Ca(OH)2) and acids (C6H6O7·H2O, H2C2O4, and H3PO4) modification after saponification with NaOH were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of chemically modified orange peel by different treatments were in the range of 1.13–1.28 mol/kg for the studied metal ions.
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