Carrying in’ reading on a construction site (R2) and ‘Warehousing in’ reading (R3) can be thought of as a single process.
If information refers to the absence or presence of materials on the site, the two reading processes can be unified because there is no difference between R2 and R3.
In contrast, considering the needs of the stakeholders, allocation in Fig. 2 includes ‘lifting up’ and ‘piling up’ stages [12]. The location of the tracking allocation also can be divided into each floor and each unit.
Therefore, structuring RFID checkpoints for ILM depends on on-site contexts as well as management needs.