productivity, and on-the-job effectiveness, eventually
resulting in higher profits. As pointed out by earlier researchers (e.g., [54]) measuring
that component of performance attributable to KM is nontrivial. There are
some studies that use perceptual outcome measures like knowledge satisfaction (e.g.,
[9]), and others that use firm performance measures such as return on assets (ROA)
(e.g., [10]). These latter studies can be questioned because sometimes they do not
extract that part of ROA that is due to reasons other than KM.