Although franchisees are afforded some operational independence (for example, local market promotional initiatives), they are normally required to adhere to strict formal guidelines (for example, fees, advertising levies, trading hours, etc) detailed within the franchising agreement (Rubin, 1978). Therefore, the need for creativity, seeking out new ideas and problem solving is less important for franchisees than the quintessential entrepreneurs. Individuals join franchising to be in business for themselves, not by themselves