1.2 Hydration of Cement
The setting and hardening of Portland cement is due to the hydration and hydrolysis of
its constituents, which are all anhydrous. The main constituents are: Tricalcium silicate
(C3S), Dicalcium silicate (C2S), Tricalcium aluminate (C3A), Tetracalcium alumino
ferrite (C4AF), CaSO4, MgO and CaO (free). Several different types of Portland cement
are available, these are classified in ASTM specification 150. Normal Portland cement
(Type I) is used as general purpose cement and Type V is sulfate-resisting cement, and
has not been generally used for structures susceptible to chloride infiltration. The
cement by itself is not cementitious only its hydration products are. On hydration, the
cement constituents give rise to hydrated calcium silicate or calcium silicate hydrate
obtained as poorly crystallized gel (3 CaO. 3SiO2 3H2 O) commonly known as
tobermorite gels. The hydration of cement involves releasing of substantial amount of
heat energy of the 4 major constituents, viz., C3S, C2S and C4AF release about 60-120
挀al/g of heat whereas C3A releases about 325 cal/g. The increased heat release is due to
exothermic reaction between C3A and gypsum.
1.2 Hydration of Cement The setting and hardening of Portland cement is due to the hydration and hydrolysis of its constituents, which are all anhydrous. The main constituents are: Tricalcium silicate (C3S), Dicalcium silicate (C2S), Tricalcium aluminate (C3A), Tetracalcium alumino ferrite (C4AF), CaSO4, MgO and CaO (free). Several different types of Portland cement are available, these are classified in ASTM specification 150. Normal Portland cement (Type I) is used as general purpose cement and Type V is sulfate-resisting cement, and has not been generally used for structures susceptible to chloride infiltration. The cement by itself is not cementitious only its hydration products are. On hydration, the cement constituents give rise to hydrated calcium silicate or calcium silicate hydrate obtained as poorly crystallized gel (3 CaO. 3SiO2 3H2 O) commonly known as tobermorite gels. The hydration of cement involves releasing of substantial amount of heat energy of the 4 major constituents, viz., C3S, C2S and C4AF release about 60-120 挀al/g of heat whereas C3A releases about 325 cal/g. The increased heat release is due to exothermic reaction between C3A and gypsum.
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