However, measurement of embryo temperature
requires destructive methods that influence embryo development
and hatchability. Use of eggshell temperatures
(EST) as a reflection of embryo temperature can solve this
problem. Lourens (2001) found an average EST of 37.8°C in
commercial single-stage incubators.However, a fluctuation of 5°C in EST was observed, depending on stage of development and position of the egg in the machine (Lourens,2001). Especially inmultistagemachines, relatively lowand
high EST at the start and end of incubation, respectively,can be expected as a result of the imbalance between embryonic
heat production and heat transfer (Meijerhof, 2002).
Because the influence of varying EST on embryo development and hatchability is not known, a trial was conducted
to evaluate the effect of low EST (36.7°C) during
However, measurement of embryo temperature
requires destructive methods that influence embryo development
and hatchability. Use of eggshell temperatures
(EST) as a reflection of embryo temperature can solve this
problem. Lourens (2001) found an average EST of 37.8°C in
commercial single-stage incubators.However, a fluctuation of 5°C in EST was observed, depending on stage of development and position of the egg in the machine (Lourens,2001). Especially inmultistagemachines, relatively lowand
high EST at the start and end of incubation, respectively,can be expected as a result of the imbalance between embryonic
heat production and heat transfer (Meijerhof, 2002).
Because the influence of varying EST on embryo development and hatchability is not known, a trial was conducted
to evaluate the effect of low EST (36.7°C) during
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