Finally, Santa Cruz Tepetotutla (SCT) is an indigenous commu-
nity located in the highlands of state of Oaxaca, in the area referred
to as Chinantla Alta. Its 452 residents are Chinantecos, one of the 16
ethnolinguistic groups of the state (Martin et al., 2010). In 2004, the
community agreed to establish 9670 ha of their common land to
create an ICCA,whichwas later recognized by CONANP. A portion of
this land (6268 ha) was also designated to a PES program in the
same year. Both initiatives are managed under communal norms
but, in the case of PES, the community is required to inform and
report to CONAFOR the activities which take place within the limits
of the protected area in order to keep receiving payments for their
conservation activities.
2.2. Methods of data collection
We collected datawith semi-structured interviews and a survey.
First, the team conducted semi-structured interviews with 130
local residents, or about 20 per community. To capture variation in
responses, we selected participants from a purposive sample, tar-
geting both men and women, subjects with distinct land tenure
status, and different levels of participation in the different conser-
vation initiatives. Informants ranged from 16 to about 90 years of
age (although many did not know their exact age) and included 80
men and 50 women. During interviews we asked informants to tell
us about the different conservation initiatives underway in the
area, the different stages in which those initiatives are imple-
mented, and to explain to us their personal involvement in con-
servation activities. Interviews lasted from20min tomore than one