in the introduction to part one mentioned the names of two social scientists. Kluckholn and Strodtbeck. Their book, Variations in Value Orientations 1961 , has served as a primary source of refernce for many researchers into culture and management, including Schein Adler, Hall, Hofstede and Trompenaars. these researchers developed cultural value orientations when investigating the phenomenon of culture and developed cross-cultural management models for a business context.