Activities used in the explanation phase helped students demonstrate their understanding of related concepts. Teacher guided students toward coherent and consistent generalizations, helps students with distinct scientific vocabulary, and provided questions that help students use this vocabulary to explain the results of their explorations. Activities used in elaboration phase, provided an opportunity for students to apply their knowledge to new domains, which may include raising new questions and hypotheses to explore. A research task about the importance of vaccines was given in elaboration stage. With the activities used in the evaluation phase students had opportunity to assess their understanding and abilities. The activities in evaluation phases were also used by teacher for both formative and summative evaluations of student learning.