This technical paper begins by introducing the concept of aquaponics, including a brief
history of its development and its place within the larger category of soil-less culture and
modern agriculture. It discusses the main theoretical concepts of aquaponics, including
the nitrogen cycle and the nitrification process, the role of bacteria, and the concept of
balancing an aquaponic unit. It then moves on to cover important considerations of
water quality parameters, water testing, and water sourcing for aquaponics, as well as
methods and theories of unit design, including the three main methods of aquaponic
systems: media beds, nutrient film technique, and deep water culture
The publication discusses in detail the three groups of living organisms (bacteria,
plants and fish) that make up the aquaponic ecosystem. It also presents management
strategies and troubleshooting practices, as well as related topics, specifically highlighting
local and sustainable sources of aquaponic inputs.
The publication also includes nine appendixes that present other key topics: ideal
conditions for common plants grown in aquaponics; chemical and biological controls of
common pests and diseases including a compatible planting guide; common fish diseases
and related symptoms, causes and remedies; tools to calculate the ammonia produced and
biofiltration media required for a certain fish stocking density and amount of fish feed
added; production of homemade fish feed; guidelines and considerations for establishing
aquaponic units; a cost–benefit analysis of a small-scale, media bed aquaponic unit; a
comprehensive guide to building small-scale versions of each of the three aquaponic
methods; and a brief summary of this publication designed as a supplemental handout
for outreach, extension and education.