ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, term "enhanced plant growth" means increased plant yield (e.g., 25 increased biomass, increased fruit number, increased boll number, or a combination thereof
that may be measured by bushels per acre), increased root number, increased root mass, increased root volume, increased leaf area, increased plant stand, increased plant vigor, faster seedling emergence (i.e., enhanced emergence), faster germination, (i.e., enhanced germination), or สารรวมของมัน.
30 ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the terms "plant(s)" and "plant part(s)" means all plants and plant
populations such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (ที่รวมถึง naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants, which can be obtained by conventional plant breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering
methods or by combinations of these methods, ที่รวมถึง the transgenic plants and ที่รวมถึง 35 the plant cultivars protectable or not protectable by plant breeders' rights. Plant parts are to
be understood as meaning all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such
as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material (e.g., cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, off-shoots and seeds, etc.).
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "inoculum means any form of microbial cells, or spores, 5 which is capable of propagating on or in the soil when the conditions of temperature,
moisture, etc., are favorable for microbial growth.
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "nitrogen fixing organism(s)" means any organism capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3).
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "phosphate solubilizing organism" means any organism 10 capable of converting insoluble phosphate into a soluble phosphate form.
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the terms "spore" has its normal meaning which is well known and
understood by those of skill in the art. As used herein, the term spore means a microorganism in its dormant, protected state.
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "source" of a particular element means a compound of that 15 element which, at least in the soil conditions under consideration, does not make the
element fully available for plant uptake.
COMPOSITIONS
The compositions disclosed ประกอบรวมด้วย one or more microbially stabilizing compounds as
described herein. In certain รูปลักษณะ, the composition may be in the form of a liquid, a gel, 20 a slurry, a solid, or a powder (wettable powder or dry powder).
In a particular รูปลักษณะ, the one or more microbially stabilizing compounds are compounds capable of inhibiting the activity of one or more antimicrobial compounds.
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "anti-microbial compound(s)" รวมถึง a สารชีวฆาต (i.e., a bacteriostats or a bactericides). Non-limiting examples of สารชีวฆาต include the following:
25 Bactericides:
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, a bactericide is an agent that kills bacteria. A bactericide may be a
disinfectant, antiseptic or antibiotic.
Non-limiting examples of a bactericidal disinfectant may be:
active chlorine (i.e., hypochlorites, chloramines, dichloroisocyanurate and
30 trichloroisocyanurate, wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide, etc.),
active oxygen (peroxides, such as peracetic acid, potassium persulfate, sodium
perborate, sodium percarbonate and urea perhydrate),
iodine (iodpovidone (povidone-iodine, Betadine), Lugol's solution, iodine tincture,
iodinated nonionic surfactants),
35 concentrated alcohols (mainly ethanol, 1-propanol, called also n-propanol and 2-
propanol, called isopropanol and ของผสมs thereof; further, 2-phenoxyethanol and 1- and 2-
phenoxypropanols),
ฟีนอลic substances (such as ฟีนอล (also called "carbolic acid"), cresols (called "Lysole" in combination with liquid potassium soaps), halogenated (chlorinated, brominated)
ฟีนอลs, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan, trichloroฟีนอล, triโบรโมฟีนอล,
pentachloroฟีนอล, Diโบรโมl and salts thereof),
5 cationic surfactants, such as some quaternary ammonium cations (such as
benzalkonium chloride, cetyl triเมธิลammonium bromide or chloride,
didecyldiเมธิลammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride) and others, non-quarternary compounds, such as chlorhexidine, glucoprotamine, octenidine dihydrochloride, etc.),
10 strong oxidizers, such as ozone and permanganate solutions;
heavy metals and their salts, such as colloidal silver, silver nitrate, mercury chloride, phenylmercury salts, copper sulfate, copper oxide-chloride, etc. Heavy metals and their salts are the most toxic, and environment-hazardous bactericides and therefore, their use is strongly oppressed or eliminated; further, also
15 properly concentrated strong acids (phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, amidosulfuric,
toluenesulfonic acids) and
alkalis (sodium, potassium, calcium hydroxides), such as of pH 13, particularly under elevated temperature (above 60°C), kills bacteria.
Non-limiting examples of a bactericidal antiseptic may be:
20 properly diluted chlorine preparations (e.g., Daquin's solution, 0.5% sodium or
potassium hypochlorite solution, pH-adjusted to pH 7-8, or 0.5-1% solution of sodium
benzenesulfochloramide (chloramine B)),
some iodine preparations, such as iodopovidone in various galenics (ointment, solutions, wound plasters), in the past also Lugol's solution,
25 peroxides as urea perhydrate solutions and pH-buffered 0.1-0.25% peracetic acid
solutions,
alcohols with or without antiseptic additives, used mainly for skin antisepsis,
weak organic acids such as sorbic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid and salicylic acid, some ฟีนอลic compounds, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan and Diโบรโมl, and
30 cation-active compounds, such as 0.05-0.5% benzalkonium, 0.5-4% chlorhexidine,
0.1-2% octenidine solutions.
Non-limiting examples of a bactericidal antibiotic may be penicillin, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosidic antibiotics.
Other bactericidal antibiotics include the fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans, vancomycin, 35 monobactams, co-trimoxazole, and metronidazole.
Preferred bactericides are:
Halogen containing compounds such as:
Bronopol - active 2-โบรโม-2-nitro-1,3-propanadiol
Dowicil 75 - active 1-(3-chloroallyI)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride
5 DBNPA - active diโบรโมnitrilopropionamide
OrganoSulfurs - รวมถึง Isothaizolones such as:
Proxel (Nipacide) - active 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
Kathon - active 5-chloro-2-เมธิล-4-isosthiazolin-3-one,
one
10 Nitrogen containing compounds such as:
Germall II (Diazolidinyl urea)
Tris nitro (tris(hydroxyเมธิล)nitromethane) ฟีนอลics such as:
Dowicide (sodium o-phenylphenate)
15 Preventol D2® (benzyl-hemiformal)
Inorganics such as:
copper arsenates
cuprous oxide
Organometallics such as:
20 compounds of arsenic, copper, mercury
Quaternary ammonium compounds.
Bacteriostats:
2-เมธิล-4-isosthiazolin-3-
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, a bacteriostat is an agent, usually chemical, that prevents the growth of bacteria but that does not necessarily kill them or their spores. Upon removal of the
25 bacteriostat, the bacteria usually start to grow again.
Non-limiting examples of bacteriostats include sodium azide and thimerosol.
Microbial!), Stabilizing Compounds:
The microbially stabilizing compounds described herein may include any compound
that is capable of increasing the survivability of one or more microorganisms. ในหนึ่ง
30 รูปลักษณะ, the one or more microbially stabilizing compounds inhibit the activity of one or
more of the สารชีวฆาต described herein. In another รูปลักษณะ, the one or more microbially stabilizing compounds inhibit the activity of one or more of the bactericides disclosed herein. In yet another รูปลักษณะ the one or more microbially stabilizing compounds inhibit the activity of one or more bacteriostats disclosed herein. In still another รูปลักษณะ the one or more
35 microbially stabilizing compounds inhibit the activity of formaldhyde, benzyl-hemiformal
(phenylmethoxymethanol), 2-โบรโม-2-nitro-1,3-propanadiol, 1-(3-chloroallyI)-3,5,7-triaza-1-
azoniaadamantane chloride, diโบรโมnitrilopropionamide, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-
10
2-เมธิล-4-isothiazolin-3-one,2-เมธิล-4-isothiazolin -3-one, diazolidinyl urea,
tris(hydroxyเมธิล)nitromethane, sodium o-phenylphenate, copper arsenates, cuprous oxide,
compounds of arsenic, copper, mercury, quarternary ammonium compounds, sodium azide,
thimerosol, or สารรวมของมัน.
5 In still another รูปลักษณะ, the microbially stabilizing compound is yeast extract.
Yeast extracts are widely used, e.g., for flavor in the food industries, in microorganism
fermentation media, and as health foods. The production of yeast extract is described in
literature, see e.g. Kelly, M. (1982) Yeast Extract (In: Industrial Enzymology, Godfrey, T. ed.)
or Chae, H. J. et al. (2001), Bioresource Technology 76, 253-258. It is typically
10 manufactured by breaking down the yeast by acid hydrolysis or mechanical or chemical
disruption of the cells followed by autolysis with endogenous enzymes to degrade the macromolecular structures of the yeast, in particular the proteins, into the maximum amount of soluble material. Possibly, exogenous enzymes, ที่รวมถึง proteases such as papain, are added to augment the effect of the yeast's own enzymes. After the enzymatic hydrolysis,
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้ คำว่า "เพิ่มการเจริญเติบโตของพืช" หมายถึง ผลผลิตพืชเพิ่มขึ้น (เช่น ชีวมวลเพิ่มขึ้น 25 ผลไม้เพิ่มหมายเลข เลข boll เพิ่มขึ้น หรือชุดดังกล่าวซึ่งอาจจะวัด โดย bushels ต่อเอเคอร์), เพิ่มจำนวนราก เพิ่มรากรากใหญ่ เพิ่มปริมาณ เพิ่มใบตั้ง ยืนโรงงานเพิ่มขึ้น เพิ่มขึ้นพืชแข็ง เร็วแหล่งเกิดขึ้น (เช่น พิเศษเกิดขึ้น) การงอกเร็ว, (เช่น เพิ่มการงอก), หรือสารรวมของมัน30 ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้ เงื่อนไข "plant(s)" และการ "พืชบางส่วน" หมายความว่า พืชและโรงงานทั้งหมดประชากรเช่นระบุ และไม่ป่าพืชหรือพืช (ที่รวมถึงพืชที่เกิดขึ้นตามธรรมชาติ) พืชเป็นพืช ซึ่งสามารถได้รับ โดยวิธีการปรับปรุงพันธุ์และเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพโรงงานทั่วไป หรือ biotechnological และพันธุวิศวกรรมวิธีการ หรือชุดของวิธีการเหล่านี้ ที่รวมถึงพืชถั่วเหลืองและที่รวมถึง 35 พันธุ์พืช protectable หรือไม่ protectable โดยโรงงานของบรีดเดอร์สสิทธิ ชิ้นส่วนของพืช เข้าใจตามความหมาย ทุกส่วนและอวัยวะ ของพืชด้านบน และ ใต้ ดิน เช่น as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material (e.g., cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, off-shoots and seeds, etc.).ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "inoculum means any form of microbial cells, or spores, 5 which is capable of propagating on or in the soil when the conditions of temperature, moisture, etc., are favorable for microbial growth.ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "nitrogen fixing organism(s)" means any organism capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3).ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "phosphate solubilizing organism" means any organism 10 capable of converting insoluble phosphate into a soluble phosphate form. ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the terms "spore" has its normal meaning which is well known andunderstood by those of skill in the art. As used herein, the term spore means a microorganism in its dormant, protected state.ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "source" of a particular element means a compound of that 15 element which, at least in the soil conditions under consideration, does not make the element fully available for plant uptake.COMPOSITIONSThe compositions disclosed ประกอบรวมด้วย one or more microbially stabilizing compounds as described herein. In certain รูปลักษณะ, the composition may be in the form of a liquid, a gel, 20 a slurry, a solid, or a powder (wettable powder or dry powder).In a particular รูปลักษณะ, the one or more microbially stabilizing compounds are compounds capable of inhibiting the activity of one or more antimicrobial compounds. ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, the term "anti-microbial compound(s)" รวมถึง a สารชีวฆาต (i.e., a bacteriostats or a bactericides). Non-limiting examples of สารชีวฆาต include the following:25 Bactericides:ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, a bactericide is an agent that kills bacteria. A bactericide may be adisinfectant, antiseptic or antibiotic.Non-limiting examples of a bactericidal disinfectant may be:active chlorine (i.e., hypochlorites, chloramines, dichloroisocyanurate and30 trichloroisocyanurate, wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide, etc.),active oxygen (peroxides, such as peracetic acid, potassium persulfate, sodiumperborate, sodium percarbonate and urea perhydrate),iodine (iodpovidone (povidone-iodine, Betadine), Lugol's solution, iodine tincture,iodinated nonionic surfactants),35 concentrated alcohols (mainly ethanol, 1-propanol, called also n-propanol and 2-propanol, called isopropanol and ของผสมs thereof; further, 2-phenoxyethanol and 1- and 2-phenoxypropanols), ฟีนอลic substances (such as ฟีนอล (also called "carbolic acid"), cresols (called "Lysole" in combination with liquid potassium soaps), halogenated (chlorinated, brominated)ฟีนอลs, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan, trichloroฟีนอล, triโบรโมฟีนอล,pentachloroฟีนอล, Diโบรโมl and salts thereof),5 cationic surfactants, such as some quaternary ammonium cations (such asbenzalkonium chloride, cetyl triเมธิลammonium bromide or chloride,didecyldiเมธิลammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride) and others, non-quarternary compounds, such as chlorhexidine, glucoprotamine, octenidine dihydrochloride, etc.),10 strong oxidizers, such as ozone and permanganate solutions;heavy metals and their salts, such as colloidal silver, silver nitrate, mercury chloride, phenylmercury salts, copper sulfate, copper oxide-chloride, etc. Heavy metals and their salts are the most toxic, and environment-hazardous bactericides and therefore, their use is strongly oppressed or eliminated; further, also15 properly concentrated strong acids (phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, amidosulfuric,toluenesulfonic acids) andalkalis (sodium, potassium, calcium hydroxides), such as of pH <1 or >13, particularly under elevated temperature (above 60°C), kills bacteria.
Non-limiting examples of a bactericidal antiseptic may be:
20 properly diluted chlorine preparations (e.g., Daquin's solution, 0.5% sodium or
potassium hypochlorite solution, pH-adjusted to pH 7-8, or 0.5-1% solution of sodium
benzenesulfochloramide (chloramine B)),
some iodine preparations, such as iodopovidone in various galenics (ointment, solutions, wound plasters), in the past also Lugol's solution,
25 peroxides as urea perhydrate solutions and pH-buffered 0.1-0.25% peracetic acid
solutions,
alcohols with or without antiseptic additives, used mainly for skin antisepsis,
weak organic acids such as sorbic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid and salicylic acid, some ฟีนอลic compounds, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan and Diโบรโมl, and
30 cation-active compounds, such as 0.05-0.5% benzalkonium, 0.5-4% chlorhexidine,
0.1-2% octenidine solutions.
Non-limiting examples of a bactericidal antibiotic may be penicillin, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosidic antibiotics.
Other bactericidal antibiotics include the fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans, vancomycin, 35 monobactams, co-trimoxazole, and metronidazole.
Preferred bactericides are:
Halogen containing compounds such as:
Bronopol - active 2-โบรโม-2-nitro-1,3-propanadiol
Dowicil 75 - active 1-(3-chloroallyI)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride
5 DBNPA - active diโบรโมnitrilopropionamide
OrganoSulfurs - รวมถึง Isothaizolones such as:
Proxel (Nipacide) - active 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
Kathon - active 5-chloro-2-เมธิล-4-isosthiazolin-3-one,
one
10 Nitrogen containing compounds such as:
Germall II (Diazolidinyl urea)
Tris nitro (tris(hydroxyเมธิล)nitromethane) ฟีนอลics such as:
Dowicide (sodium o-phenylphenate)
15 Preventol D2® (benzyl-hemiformal)
Inorganics such as:
copper arsenates
cuprous oxide
Organometallics such as:
20 compounds of arsenic, copper, mercury
Quaternary ammonium compounds.
Bacteriostats:
2-เมธิล-4-isosthiazolin-3-
ตามที่ใช้ในที่นี้, a bacteriostat is an agent, usually chemical, that prevents the growth of bacteria but that does not necessarily kill them or their spores. Upon removal of the
25 bacteriostat, the bacteria usually start to grow again.
Non-limiting examples of bacteriostats include sodium azide and thimerosol.
Microbial!), Stabilizing Compounds:
The microbially stabilizing compounds described herein may include any compound
that is capable of increasing the survivability of one or more microorganisms. ในหนึ่ง
30 รูปลักษณะ, the one or more microbially stabilizing compounds inhibit the activity of one or
more of the สารชีวฆาต described herein. In another รูปลักษณะ, the one or more microbially stabilizing compounds inhibit the activity of one or more of the bactericides disclosed herein. In yet another รูปลักษณะ the one or more microbially stabilizing compounds inhibit the activity of one or more bacteriostats disclosed herein. In still another รูปลักษณะ the one or more
35 microbially stabilizing compounds inhibit the activity of formaldhyde, benzyl-hemiformal
(phenylmethoxymethanol), 2-โบรโม-2-nitro-1,3-propanadiol, 1-(3-chloroallyI)-3,5,7-triaza-1-
azoniaadamantane chloride, diโบรโมnitrilopropionamide, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-
10
2-เมธิล-4-isothiazolin-3-one,2-เมธิล-4-isothiazolin -3-one, diazolidinyl urea,
tris(hydroxyเมธิล)nitromethane, sodium o-phenylphenate, copper arsenates, cuprous oxide,
compounds of arsenic, copper, mercury, quarternary ammonium compounds, sodium azide,
thimerosol, or สารรวมของมัน.
5 In still another รูปลักษณะ, the microbially stabilizing compound is yeast extract.
Yeast extracts are widely used, e.g., for flavor in the food industries, in microorganism
fermentation media, and as health foods. The production of yeast extract is described in
literature, see e.g. Kelly, M. (1982) Yeast Extract (In: Industrial Enzymology, Godfrey, T. ed.)
or Chae, H. J. et al. (2001), Bioresource Technology 76, 253-258. It is typically
10 manufactured by breaking down the yeast by acid hydrolysis or mechanical or chemical
disruption of the cells followed by autolysis with endogenous enzymes to degrade the macromolecular structures of the yeast, in particular the proteins, into the maximum amount of soluble material. Possibly, exogenous enzymes, ที่รวมถึง proteases such as papain, are added to augment the effect of the yeast's own enzymes. After the enzymatic hydrolysis,
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