Of the global population, around 35% lack access to clean water
[1], with the main problem being microbial contamination [2] in
developing countries across South America, Africa and Asia. This
lack of safe drinking water leads to a high risk of waterborne diseases,
such as cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and dysentery, as
well as other diarrhoeal diseases [2]. Recent figures [3,4] suggest
0.6 million deaths of children under the age of 5 were as a result of
diarrhoea in 2012. Household water treatments, the most common
of which is boiling, can result in as much as 35–44% reduction [5]
in diarrhoeal disease. However, to those most in need of household