to minimize
the negative effects of the activities of these corporations.
These various codes were developed in order to establish order among multinational
corporations; although, some organizations refuse to abide by these codes, mainly because
national governments have not sanctioned them completely. Without uniform and full
enforcement, multinational organizations could have rampant choice in international ethical
issues. Underlying this lack of consensus is the issue of national as well as corporate culture (See
Hofstede, 1980: 46-47). Every nation is different and every multinational organization is in one
way or another distinct in the way they do business, especially in other countries.
In addition to these codes, the moral corporation should address human rights and whistle
blowing and the international ethics code under which it operates. These issues are not very new.
In a survey of 300 multinational corporations, 80 percent agreed with seven items being ethical
issues for business: (1) employee conflict of interest, (2) inappropriate gifts to corporate
personnel, (3) sexual harassment, (4) unauthorized payments, (5) affirmative action (6) employee
privacy; and (7) environmental issues (Brooks, 1989; Berenheim, 1987, 1989: 117-129).