A webcam must be disassembled to expose the
pixel sensors to the αs due to the limited range
of αs in materials [16, 17]. Although the specifics
will vary from model to model, all webcams share
some common construction features and thus
require some common modifications. We first
remove the circuit board from the casing while
maintaining the connection between the universal
serial bus (USB) cable and the circuit board. This
typically requires breaking glue seams or removing
screws, or both. We then remove the lens over
the imaging sensor. The lens is usually attached
directly to the circuit board, again by glue or by
screws or by both. Figure 1 shows the disassembled
webcam.