MATERIAS AND METHODS
Laboratory bred B. alexandrina snails from Medical
Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Egypt, were used. S.mansoni eggs were obtained from Schistosome Biological Supply Center (SBSC) at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
Two groups (each of 50 snails) of B. alexandrina snails were prepared. The first group was individually exposed to 10 miracidia /snail for 24 hours at 24 ± 1 °C and ceiling illumination. After exposure to miracidia, snails were maintained in declorinated tap water. The second group was not exposed to miracidia (the control group). Three weeks post miracidial exposure, surviving uninfected and infected B. alexandrina snails were used for the present work.
Histological Study: The digestive tracts of surviving uninfected and S. mansoni infected B. alexandrina snails were removed from their shells, fixed in Bruin's fluid for 5 hrs, then transferred to 70% alcohol. Further procedures included dehydration in 100% alcohol, clearing in xylol and paraffin embedding were followed. Five ìm sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Stained slides were examined under polarized light microscope [21].
Haemtological Studies
Collection of Haemolymph: Haemolymph samples were collected from uninfected and infected as outlined Michelson [22] via removing a small portion of the shell and inserting a capillary tube into the heart. Haemolymph was pooled from 10 snails collected in a vial tube (1.5 ml) and kept in ice-bath. The collected haemolymph from each snails group was divided into 3 volumes. The first one used for haemocytes count, the 2nd for light and scanning electron microscopic examinations and the 3 forrd biochemical analysis.
The number of haemocytes/mm3 of hemolymph was counted in a Burker-Turk haemocytometer [23]. Monolayers of haemocytes were prepared and stained with Gieimsa’s stain for 20 min. according to the method of Abdul-Salam and Michelson [24].
Light Microscopy Preparation: Haemolymph smears were fixed in methanol and stained with Giemsa stain [6] Differential haemocyte counts were performed according to Brown [25].
Scanning Electron Microscopy Preparation:
Haemolymph smears were fixed in methanol [26]. Fixed smear were subjected to aputter coating with gold palladium and then examined in Jeol JSMT220 SEM that operates at 10-15kv.
Biochemical Analysis: Total protein, Albumin, Lipid and glucose content in haemolymph were determined spectrophotometrically using commercially available reagent kits purchased from BioMerieux Company, France.
Total protein concentration was determined according to Lowry et al.[27]. Albumin was determined with bromocresol green as described by Doumas et al. [28]. Lipids, including free fatty acids, esterified, non saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were determined according to the method of Cantarrow and Trumper [29]. Haemolymph glucose concentrations were determined according to the glucose oxidase method of Trinder [30].
MATERIAS AND METHODSLaboratory bred B. alexandrina snails from MedicalMalacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Egypt, were used. S.mansoni eggs were obtained from Schistosome Biological Supply Center (SBSC) at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.Two groups (each of 50 snails) of B. alexandrina snails were prepared. The first group was individually exposed to 10 miracidia /snail for 24 hours at 24 ± 1 °C and ceiling illumination. After exposure to miracidia, snails were maintained in declorinated tap water. The second group was not exposed to miracidia (the control group). Three weeks post miracidial exposure, surviving uninfected and infected B. alexandrina snails were used for the present work.Histological Study: The digestive tracts of surviving uninfected and S. mansoni infected B. alexandrina snails were removed from their shells, fixed in Bruin's fluid for 5 hrs, then transferred to 70% alcohol. Further procedures included dehydration in 100% alcohol, clearing in xylol and paraffin embedding were followed. Five ìm sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Stained slides were examined under polarized light microscope [21]. Haemtological StudiesCollection of Haemolymph: Haemolymph samples were collected from uninfected and infected as outlined Michelson [22] via removing a small portion of the shell and inserting a capillary tube into the heart. Haemolymph was pooled from 10 snails collected in a vial tube (1.5 ml) and kept in ice-bath. The collected haemolymph from each snails group was divided into 3 volumes. The first one used for haemocytes count, the 2nd for light and scanning electron microscopic examinations and the 3 forrd biochemical analysis. The number of haemocytes/mm3 of hemolymph was counted in a Burker-Turk haemocytometer [23]. Monolayers of haemocytes were prepared and stained with Gieimsa’s stain for 20 min. according to the method of Abdul-Salam and Michelson [24].Light Microscopy Preparation: Haemolymph smears were fixed in methanol and stained with Giemsa stain [6] Differential haemocyte counts were performed according to Brown [25].Scanning Electron Microscopy Preparation:Haemolymph smears were fixed in methanol [26]. Fixed smear were subjected to aputter coating with gold palladium and then examined in Jeol JSMT220 SEM that operates at 10-15kv.Biochemical Analysis: Total protein, Albumin, Lipid and glucose content in haemolymph were determined spectrophotometrically using commercially available reagent kits purchased from BioMerieux Company, France. Total protein concentration was determined according to Lowry et al.[27]. Albumin was determined with bromocresol green as described by Doumas et al. [28]. Lipids, including free fatty acids, esterified, non saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were determined according to the method of Cantarrow and Trumper [29]. Haemolymph glucose concentrations were determined according to the glucose oxidase method of Trinder [30].
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MATERIAS AND METHODS
Laboratory bred B. alexandrina snails from Medical
Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Egypt, were used. S.mansoni eggs were obtained from Schistosome Biological Supply Center (SBSC) at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
Two groups (each of 50 snails) of B. alexandrina snails were prepared. The first group was individually exposed to 10 miracidia /snail for 24 hours at 24 ± 1 °C and ceiling illumination. After exposure to miracidia, snails were maintained in declorinated tap water. The second group was not exposed to miracidia (the control group). Three weeks post miracidial exposure, surviving uninfected and infected B. alexandrina snails were used for the present work.
Histological Study: The digestive tracts of surviving uninfected and S. mansoni infected B. alexandrina snails were removed from their shells, fixed in Bruin's fluid for 5 hrs, then transferred to 70% alcohol. Further procedures included dehydration in 100% alcohol, clearing in xylol and paraffin embedding were followed. Five ìm sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Stained slides were examined under polarized light microscope [21].
Haemtological Studies
Collection of Haemolymph: Haemolymph samples were collected from uninfected and infected as outlined Michelson [22] via removing a small portion of the shell and inserting a capillary tube into the heart. Haemolymph was pooled from 10 snails collected in a vial tube (1.5 ml) and kept in ice-bath. The collected haemolymph from each snails group was divided into 3 volumes. The first one used for haemocytes count, the 2nd for light and scanning electron microscopic examinations and the 3 forrd biochemical analysis.
The number of haemocytes/mm3 of hemolymph was counted in a Burker-Turk haemocytometer [23]. Monolayers of haemocytes were prepared and stained with Gieimsa’s stain for 20 min. according to the method of Abdul-Salam and Michelson [24].
Light Microscopy Preparation: Haemolymph smears were fixed in methanol and stained with Giemsa stain [6] Differential haemocyte counts were performed according to Brown [25].
Scanning Electron Microscopy Preparation:
Haemolymph smears were fixed in methanol [26]. Fixed smear were subjected to aputter coating with gold palladium and then examined in Jeol JSMT220 SEM that operates at 10-15kv.
Biochemical Analysis: Total protein, Albumin, Lipid and glucose content in haemolymph were determined spectrophotometrically using commercially available reagent kits purchased from BioMerieux Company, France.
Total protein concentration was determined according to Lowry et al.[27]. Albumin was determined with bromocresol green as described by Doumas et al. [28]. Lipids, including free fatty acids, esterified, non saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were determined according to the method of Cantarrow and Trumper [29]. Haemolymph glucose concentrations were determined according to the glucose oxidase method of Trinder [30].
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materias และวิธีปฏิบัติการเลี้ยง B .
หอยทากจากแผนกสังขวิทยาทางการแพทย์แอเลิกแซนดรีน่า
, ธีโอดอร์ bilharz สถาบันวิจัย ( tbri ) , อียิปต์ , การใช้ s.mansoni ไข่ที่ได้จากชีวภาพ ศูนย์จัดหา schistosome ( sbsc ) ที่ ธีโอดอร์ bilharz สถาบันวิจัย , ไคโร , อียิปต์ .
2 กลุ่มละ 50 ตัว ) ของ บ. แอเลิกแซนดรีน่าหอยที่เตรียมไว้แล้วกลุ่มแรก คือ เปิดรับแสงสว่างจาก 10 / หอยทาก ตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง ที่ 24 ± 1 ° C และไฟเพดาน หลังจากการเปิดรับแสงสว่าง หอยทากถูกเก็บรักษาไว้ใน declorinated น้ำประปา กลุ่มที่สอง คือ ไม่สัมผัสกับแรงโน้มถ่วง ( กลุ่มควบคุม ) สามสัปดาห์หลัง miracidial การรอดตายมาก่อน และติดเชื้อ บี แอเลิกแซนดรีน่าหอยทากใช้ในงานปัจจุบัน
ผลการศึกษา : พบได้ย่อยอาหารมาก่อน และ mansoni ไวรัสบีแอเลิกแซนดรีน่าหอยทากถูกลบออกจากเปลือกของพวกเขาคงที่ในที่ตั้งของของไหล 5 ชั่วโมง แล้วย้ายไป แอลกอฮอล์ 70% ขั้นตอนเพิ่มเติม รวมน้ำในแอลกอฮอล์ 100% ล้างใน xylol และพาราฟินฝังตัวอยู่ตาม 5 ì M ส่วนถูกย้อมด้วยสีย้อมและ eosinย้อมสไลด์ถูกตรวจสอบภายใต้กล้องจุลทรรศน์แสง [ 21 ]
haemtological ศึกษา 2 : คอลเลกชันของตัวอย่างเลือดที่เก็บจากผู้ที่ไม่ติดเชื้อและติดเชื้อตามที่ระบุ Michelson [ 22 ] ผ่านทางลบเป็นส่วนเล็ก ๆของเปลือกและใส่หลอดเส้นเลือดฝอยเข้าสู่หัวใจ น้ำเลือดถูกรวมจาก 10 ตัวเก็บในขวดหลอด 1.5 ml ) และเก็บน้ำแข็งในอ่างเก็บเลือดจากแต่ละหอยทากกลุ่มแบ่งออกเป็น 3 ชุด แรกที่ใช้สำหรับนับเม็ดเลือด , แสงและกล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบสแกน 2 ครั้งและ 3 forrd ชีวเคมีวิเคราะห์
จำนวนเม็ดเลือด / มม. ของเลือดถูกนับในเบอร์เกอร์ตุรกี haemocytometer [ 23 ] monolayers ของเม็ดเลือดถูกเตรียมและเปรอะเปื้อนไปด้วยคราบ gieimsa สำหรับ 20 นาทีตามวิธีการของอับดุลซาลาม และ Michelson [ 24 ] .
แสงกล้องจุลทรรศน์การเตรียม : น้ำเลือดเปื้อนถูกกำหนดในเมทานอลและย้อมด้วยยิมซาคราบ [ 6 ] ความแตกต่าง haemocyte นับได้ตาม บราวน์ [ 25 ] .
สแกนการเตรียมจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอน :
น้ำเลือดเปื้อนถูกกำหนดในเมทานอล [ 26 ]ซ่อมป้ายถูกเคลือบด้วยทอง aputter แพลเลเดียมและตรวจสอบในจอล jsmt220 SEM ที่ทํางานที่ 10-15kv .
: การวิเคราะห์ทางชีวเคมีโปรตีนอัลบูมินทั้งหมดไขมันและกลูโคสในเลือดพบว่าเนื้อหานี้ใช้ในเชิงพาณิชย์ 3 ชุด ซื้อจาก บริษัท biomerieux ฝรั่งเศส
ความเข้มข้นของโปรตีนทั้งหมด ก็พิจารณาตามเบส et al . [ 27 ] อัลบูมินตั้งใจกับโบรมอกลีซสีเขียวตามที่อธิบายไว้โดย doumas et al . [ 28 ] ไขมัน รวมถึงกรดไขมันอิสระ esterified , ไม่อิ่มตัวกรดไขมันและคอเลสเตอรอลที่คำนวณตามวิธีการของ cantarrow และ trumper [ 29 ]กลูโคสมีปริมาณน้ำเลือดถูกกำหนดตามวิธีการ Trinder กลูโคส
[ 30 ]
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