From a conceptual viewpoint, information integration pervades both internal governance mechanisms as well as external market mechanisms ( Rindfleisch and Heide, 1997; Heide and John, 1988; Williamson, 1975; Coase, 1937). Thus, emphasis on information integration is expected to be high for those firms that value supply chain integration with their 3PLs. Moreover, it is logical to expect that such emphasis on information integration is likely to positively influence firm performance. Thus, we argue that:
Lean versus green