There did not appear to be an inflationary bias in the results attributable to nonpublication
of nonsignificant results. Small to medium effect sizes of r = .11 (z = 13.95,
p < .001) and r = .19 (z = 6.57, p < .001) were found for the relation between moral
development and recidivism using the fixed and random effects model, respectively.
The fail-safe number for the fixed effects model was N = 664, which means that more
than 664 studies would need to be found to reduce the overall significant effect size to
nonsignificance at p < .01. The fail-safe number for the random effect model was
N = 132. The fail-safe numbers of the fixed and random effect model were both larger
than Rosenthal’s critical number of 105 (19 × 5 + 10 = 105), suggesting that there was
no file drawer effect