Urinalysis is a mandatory diagnostic tool in
the evaluation of patients with kidney diseases.
In nephrology practice, besides basic information
(ie, pH, specific gravity, and semiquantitative
measurement of albumin, hemoglobin, glucose,
leukocyte esterase, nitrites, bilirubin, and
urobilinogen, which is usually obtained by
dipstick),1 more detailed information is required.
This includes the quantitative measurement of
protein excretion, expressed either per 24 hours
or as protein-creatinine ratio on a random sample,
and in some settings, microalbuminuria