Importantly, the aforementioned link between non-adherence, cognition and depressivesymptoms may be at least partially explained by variations in self-efficacy. Previous findingssuggest that self-efficacy may mediate the association between neurocognitive abilities andadherence in RTR [39]. Higher self-efficacy has also been linked to lower depressive andsomatic symptoms, pessimism, and interpersonal vulnerability in RTR [40,41]. Research withother populations including hemodialysis patients [35] indicates that self-efficacy may mediatethe relationship between depressive symptoms and adherence [42]. Thus, self-efficacy mayaccount (in whole or in part) for associations between these cognitive and affective variablesand non-adherence in RTR.