As aleady noted , apparel manufacturers- depending on their level of investment in full package- can be located at different points along this global value chain.Much has been written about the need for manufacturers to embrace full package to move up the chain to enhance their overall value-added in terms of industrial upgrading.However, in the discussion on upgrading, the focus does not appear to shift to the question of revaluing the labour of the majority of female apparel workers who toil in assembly either in outwork as homeworkers, or in make and trim or CMT- cut make and trim facilities at the bottom of this curve.Under a buyer-driven power relationship, in which retailers can dictate the value of labour in their negotiation of orders whith their employers through what is known as the freight or free on board price, they remain locked into the foot of this curve.The FOB price as it is known is the ex factory price which is negotiated by the buying departments of multinational brand owners and retailers for specific consignment of goods.It includes fabric and trim costs, factory overheads and profit and labour costs and delivery to the port.Table 1 gives and example of the FOB price of a pair of jeans.