This paper was prepared for a series of expert workshops on Cuban economic change in comparative
perspective organized by the Foreign Policy Latin America Initiative at the Brookings Institution and the University of Havana’s Center for the Study of the Cuban Economy and the Center for the Study of the International Economy.
It was presented at an experts’ seminar in Washington, DC, on May 28, 2013 and subsequently revised. The papers being prepared for this series will be collected in an edited volume and
published by Brookings in 2014.