3. Results
After the ten golf shots were taken, all data were saved in a format compatible with Matlab, where all post-processing was conducted. Total grip force was taken to be the sum of the forces recorded at all sensels on the grip (84 in total, as 12 sensing areas were positioned above the grip and were not counted) minus the preload in surface of these sensels created by the slight bending of the sensor around the curved surface of the grip. For each golfer, total grip force from every shot was aligned by impact and is plotted, with impact denoted as time=0s, in Fig. 2. The number in parentheses on each plot indicates the handicap for that particular golfer (NH indicates no handicap). Although only impact time is noted in the plots, other key points in the swing can be estimated based on research from Cochran and Stobbs (1968). The downswing lasts approximately a quarter of a second, while the duration of the time from takeaway until impact typically ranges from about three-quarters of a second to just over one second. In most cases, the start of the takeaway is not seen in the plots as only 0.75 s is shown prior to impact.