The model with updated soil database and tillage data was
validated in terms of stream
flow, sand concentration in water, and
N pollution, which was explained in detail in Ouyang et al. (2013a).
The long-term hydrological monitoring data and the validated ten
related parameters in the Naoli basin (Fig. 1) were referred (Zhu
et al., 2009). The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (Ens) of the
stream
flow and sand concentration were 0.698 and 0.731,
respectively. The coefficients of determination values of two
indicators were 0.797 and 0.854, respectively. The detailed
description of N concentration validation was covered in a previous
paper (Ouyang et al., 2012)