FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS HAVE BEEN critical to sustaining life and establishing
civilizations throughout history. Humans rely on freshwater systems not only for
drinking water, but also for agriculture, transportation, energy production, industrial
processes, waste disposal, and the extraction of fish and other products. As a result of
this dependence, human settlements worldwide are concentrated near freshwater
ecosystems, with over half of the world’s population living within 20 km of a permanent
river (Small and Cohen, 1999).
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS HAVE BEEN critical to sustaining life and establishingcivilizations throughout history. Humans rely on freshwater systems not only fordrinking water, but also for agriculture, transportation, energy production, industrialprocesses, waste disposal, and the extraction of fish and other products. As a result ofthis dependence, human settlements worldwide are concentrated near freshwaterecosystems, with over half of the world’s population living within 20 km of a permanentriver (Small and Cohen, 1999).
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