This chapter reviews the traditional approaches pertaining to the use of nuts and seeds in the treatment and prevention of different ailments in Pakistan. About 70-80% of the Pakistani population, particularly in rural areas, are dependent on alternative complementary medicine such as Ayurvedic, homeopathic, and, mostly, Greco-Arab (Unani) pharmacy that dates back to the Indus valley civilization and is still well established now. Nuts are added to different food items, and used as remedies, aphrodisiacs, and brain tonic, while seeds are used alone, in compounds, and in oil form. Local populations inherited such ethnopharmacological remedies from their forefathers, while traditional health practitioners (hakeems) acquired knowledge from the Institutions of Eastern Medicine. An inventory of commonly used nuts and seeds, and their cultivation, application, and possible adverse effects, are discussed.