1. Introduction
Reheater and superheater tubes are vulnerable to high temperature upset condition, undergoing severe creep deformation
or even final rupture. In general, boiler tubes in power plants have finite life because of prolonged exposure to high temperature,
stress, aggressive environment, corrosive degradation, etc. Recently, several works on the failure investigation of
reheater and superheater tubes of the power plants in Malaysia have been reported [1–6]. In order to have continued operations
under higher temperatures and pressures for a long period of operation, uses of suitable boiler tube material in thermal
power plants are required. In particular, a chromium–molybdenum–vanadium steel tube (SA213-T91) has been
available in the market since two decades ago and was co-developed by the Combustion Engineering and the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory in the late 1970s [7]. The SA213-T91 material has better creep and high temperature strengths than those
of the widely used materials such as T11 and T22.
In respect to the purpose of conducting PWHT, it may reduce residual stresses and tempers hardened microstructures.
However, PWHT might also not positively benefit the overall properties of the weldment if not properly done and controlled.
This paper in particular reports the findings of the investigation on hardness and microstructures of reheater tubes after the
mandatory post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) during the forced outage of a power plant in Malaysia.
1. Introduction
Reheater and superheater tubes are vulnerable to high temperature upset condition, undergoing severe creep deformation
or even final rupture. In general, boiler tubes in power plants have finite life because of prolonged exposure to high temperature,
stress, aggressive environment, corrosive degradation, etc. Recently, several works on the failure investigation of
reheater and superheater tubes of the power plants in Malaysia have been reported [1–6]. In order to have continued operations
under higher temperatures and pressures for a long period of operation, uses of suitable boiler tube material in thermal
power plants are required. In particular, a chromium–molybdenum–vanadium steel tube (SA213-T91) has been
available in the market since two decades ago and was co-developed by the Combustion Engineering and the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory in the late 1970s [7]. The SA213-T91 material has better creep and high temperature strengths than those
of the widely used materials such as T11 and T22.
In respect to the purpose of conducting PWHT, it may reduce residual stresses and tempers hardened microstructures.
However, PWHT might also not positively benefit the overall properties of the weldment if not properly done and controlled.
This paper in particular reports the findings of the investigation on hardness and microstructures of reheater tubes after the
mandatory post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) during the forced outage of a power plant in Malaysia.
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