who represent the real moral and political dilemma of the Rwandan genocide’, I am concerned with explaining why another 50% of Hutus participated, albeit reluctantly or under duress. What, in other words, explains mass participation by reluctant Hutu in violence against Tutsis? A related puzzle concerns the scale and intensity of violence, which was simply unprecedented. Why were previous episodes of Hutu–Tutsi violence localized and contained, while the episode in 1994 consumed the entire country?