The acoustic cavitation is the main mechanism for the high
extraction efficiency of ultrasonic treatment. The collapse of cavitation
bubbles can produce bursts of energy and cause extraordinarily
high temperature and pressure, which can enhance the
penetration of solvent into the matrix and accelerate the chemical
reactions of targeted compounds dramatically. In recent
studies, researchers are more concerned with changes in the
structure and properties of bioactive compounds during the process
of ultrasound-assisted extraction. Tiwari et al. [21] observed
that high intensity ultrasound caused the anthocyanins decomposition
and color degradation of grape juice. Ying et al. [19]
found the physical structure of cell walls of extraction tissues
and the properties of polysaccharides were drastically changed
under UAE. However, there is little sonochemical research
available regarding the structure and bioactivity changes of
carotenoids such as lycopene. Likewise, the stability of alltrans-lycopene
under high intensity ultrasonic treatment is
rarely reported.