Figure 1. Nurses wearing caps and white uniforms in the cardiovascular step-down unit. Image courtesy of JFK Hospital, Atlantis, Florida.
The reaction was all they were hoping for, and more. "The patients loved it," recalls Farrell, "especially the older ones who remembered nurses in caps. And surprisingly, the physicians loved it, too. They knew exactly who to go to -- the person wearing the cap."
The 8-week experiment was so positive and successful that the hospital decided to change their nurse's dress code to require white scrubs or uniforms, but not caps. "A cap or a uniform doesn't make the nurse," observes Farrell, "but it does create a perception and changes behavior in subtle ways. That cap really meant something, even if it was sometimes a nuisance to wear. It was a symbol of pride; the nurse wearing the cap really cared about it and what it stood for."Research supports Farrell's theory. Patients, especially the elderly, associate "nursing whites" with professional abilities.[1]
Why a Nurse's Cap?
In 1940, an anonymous nurse historian pondered the purpose of the nurse's cap:
Why a cap? For keeping the hair in place? As an identifying mark? Or was it merely to serve some other non-utilitarian purpose? The answer is buried in the deep shadows of the past. No one has ever discovered the true origin of the cap. [2]
Around the time that nursing became an honorable calling for which one was formally trained, rather than a loathsome occupation suitable only for unsavory and fallen women, it was perfectly natural for nurses to wear caps. In fact, all women wore head coverings indoors and when going out; no respectable women would go hatless.
The practice of wearing caps may have been influenced by religion. At the earliest schools of nursing in Paris and Germany, student caps were similar to the veils that accompanied the habits worn by the nuns who ran these schools. In her 1920 Short History of Nursing, Lavinia Dock wrote that the nurse's cap was "a perpetual reminder of St. Paul's strange injunction that women must cover their heads or be shorn." [3]
Nurses continued to wear caps after it was no longer customary for women in general to do so. When Florence Nightingale, credited with being the founder of modern nursing, organized nurses to go to Scutari during the Crimean War in 1854 to care for sick and wounded soldiers, she required the women to wear a uniform and special nurse's cap, to the consternation of some recruits. Rebecca Lodge, Collections Manager of the Florence Nightingale Museum in London, England, tells of a nurse named Rebecca Lawfield, who complained bitterly to Miss Nightingale about having to wear a cap.
"I came out, Ma'am, prepared to submit to everything ... but there are some things, Ma'am, one can't submit to ... and if I'd known, Ma'am, about the caps, great as was my desire to come out to nurse at Scutari, I wouldn't have come."
Figure 1. Nurses wearing caps and white uniforms in the cardiovascular step-down unit. Image courtesy of JFK Hospital, Atlantis, Florida.The reaction was all they were hoping for, and more. "The patients loved it," recalls Farrell, "especially the older ones who remembered nurses in caps. And surprisingly, the physicians loved it, too. They knew exactly who to go to -- the person wearing the cap."The 8-week experiment was so positive and successful that the hospital decided to change their nurse's dress code to require white scrubs or uniforms, but not caps. "A cap or a uniform doesn't make the nurse," observes Farrell, "but it does create a perception and changes behavior in subtle ways. That cap really meant something, even if it was sometimes a nuisance to wear. It was a symbol of pride; the nurse wearing the cap really cared about it and what it stood for."Research supports Farrell's theory. Patients, especially the elderly, associate "nursing whites" with professional abilities.[1] Why a Nurse's Cap?In 1940, an anonymous nurse historian pondered the purpose of the nurse's cap:Why a cap? For keeping the hair in place? As an identifying mark? Or was it merely to serve some other non-utilitarian purpose? The answer is buried in the deep shadows of the past. No one has ever discovered the true origin of the cap. [2] Around the time that nursing became an honorable calling for which one was formally trained, rather than a loathsome occupation suitable only for unsavory and fallen women, it was perfectly natural for nurses to wear caps. In fact, all women wore head coverings indoors and when going out; no respectable women would go hatless.The practice of wearing caps may have been influenced by religion. At the earliest schools of nursing in Paris and Germany, student caps were similar to the veils that accompanied the habits worn by the nuns who ran these schools. In her 1920 Short History of Nursing, Lavinia Dock wrote that the nurse's cap was "a perpetual reminder of St. Paul's strange injunction that women must cover their heads or be shorn." [3] Nurses continued to wear caps after it was no longer customary for women in general to do so. When Florence Nightingale, credited with being the founder of modern nursing, organized nurses to go to Scutari during the Crimean War in 1854 to care for sick and wounded soldiers, she required the women to wear a uniform and special nurse's cap, to the consternation of some recruits. Rebecca Lodge, Collections Manager of the Florence Nightingale Museum in London, England, tells of a nurse named Rebecca Lawfield, who complained bitterly to Miss Nightingale about having to wear a cap."I came out, Ma'am, prepared to submit to everything ... but there are some things, Ma'am, one can't submit to ... and if I'd known, Ma'am, about the caps, great as was my desire to come out to nurse at Scutari, I wouldn't have come."
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