This considerable reduction is also close to what was observed for L. acidophilus La-5 submitted to similar assay conditions (Bedani, Rossi, & Saad, 2013). On the other hand, the authors reported a remarkably higher resistance of B. animalis Bb-12, which maintained counts above 7 log CFU/g after 6 h of exposure to gastrointestinal conditions. Even though many other factors should be considered, in general, Gram-positive bacteria like bifidobacteria seem to be less resistant to the deleterious effects of bile. One of the possible mechanisms by which bile affects probiotic cells would be through membrane-damaging effect sand/or disrupting the cell stability